ST I, q. 63
The Malice of the Angels with Regard to Sin
In the next place we must consider how angels became evil: first of all with regard to the evil of fault; and secondly, as to the evil of punishment. Under the first heading there are nine points for consideration:
(1) Can there be evil of fault in the angels?
(2) What kind of sins can be in them?
(3) What did the angel seek in sinning?
(4) Supposing that some became evil by a sin of their own choosing, are any of them naturally evil?
(5) Supposing that it is not so, could any one of them become evil in the first instant of his creation by an act of his own will?
(6) Supposing that he did not, was there any interval between his creation and fall?
(7) Was the highest of them who fell, absolutely the highest among the angels?
(8) Was the sin of the foremost angel the cause of the others sinning?
(9) Did as many sin as remained steadfast?
Articles
- a. 1Whether the evil of fault can be in the angels?
- a. 2Whether only the sin of pride and envy can exist in an angel?
- a. 3Whether the devil desired to be as God?
- a. 4Whether any demons are naturally wicked?
- a. 5Whether the devil was wicked by the fault of his own will in the first instant of his creation?
- a. 6Whether there was any interval between the creation and the fall of the angel?
- a. 7Whether the highest angel among those who sinned was the highest of all?
- a. 8Whether the sin of the highest angel was the cause of the others sinning?
- a. 9Whether those who sinned were as many as those who remained firm?